====== Indexing and Optimization ====== ==== Creating Indexes ==== CREATE INDEX idx_email ON users(email); Improves search performance on the email column. ==== Optimizing Queries ==== * Use indexes on frequently searched columns. * Avoid using SELECT *; specify required columns. * Use EXPLAIN to analyze query performance: EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM users WHERE email = 'john@example.com'; Normalize your database to reduce redundancy.